STEP 2

Verbs

More important than the rules is the mechanics and classes of verbs.

Classes, types, and categories are not written on stone, though we have prepared a list to guide you through the learning process. When searching you will various different perspectives on this subject. Hence, you decision on this matter rules above all the other nomenclatures and descriptions used out there.

This guide assumes that you already know the basic rules and conjugation of all verb tenses.

Lesson 1 – The Types

Action Verbs

Action verbs can refer to physical actions that are performed with bodies or objects, such as jump, hit, or sing, or mental actions that we use our brains to perform, such as think, consider, or memorize. Most verbs you will find are action verbs.

arrange
build
coordinate
develop
expand
forecast
guide

Stative Verbs

Stative verbs, which we may call state, non-continuous or stative verbs, aren’t used in continuous tenses (like the present continuous, or the future continuous). They describe a state rather than an action.

adore
love
deny
deserve
have (possession)
loathe
own
understand

Transitive Verbs

Transitive Verbs are Action Verbs that require a direct object which receives the action from the Transitive Verb. A passive structure may be formed.

Without a direct object the action feels incomplete.

accept
bring
cost
discover
enable
follow
grab
honour

Intransitive Verbs

Transitive Verbs are Action Verbs that do not require a direct object

A passive structure cannot be formed.

agree
become
cry
disappear
emerge
fall
go
have

Linking Verbs

They are a special type of stative verb whose name gives a big clue as to what they do. They are used to link a subject with a subject complement. A subject complement describes or identifies the subject of the sentence or clause. Linking verbs can function as intransitive verbs, which do not take direct objects.

be
become
seem
appear
grow

Helping Verbs

Also called auxiliary verbs, they are helpful verbs that work with other verbs to change the meaning of a sentence. A helping verb combines with a main verb in order to accomplish different goals. These include changing the tense of the verb or altering the mood of a sentence.

be
have
do
can
will

Modal Verbs

Modal verbs are a subgroup of helping verbs that are used to give a sentence a specific mood. Each modal verb is used differently, and they can express concepts such as ability, necessity, possibility, or permission.

Here are some of them:

can
may
might
must
would

Regular Verbs

A verb is considered a regular verb if its past tense form and past participle ends in -ed, -d, or the verb is a -t variant verb. For example, the verb look is a regular verb because both its past tense form and past participle is looked. Sometimes, regular verbs may slightly change spelling. For example, the past tense and past participle of cry is cried.

jump becomes jumped
slip becomes slipped
try becomes tried
sleep becomes slept
lend becomes lent

Irregular Verbs

An irregular verb is a verb whose past tense and past participle form doesn’t end in -ed, -d, and doesn’t use the –t variant. Often, the spelling of these verbs changes dramatically or may not even change at all.

be becomes am, is, are, was, were, be, being, and been
eat becomes ate, eaten
fly becomes flew, flown
catch becomes caught, caught
set becomes set, set

Phrasal Verbs

Phrasal verbs are combinations of a verb with prepositions and/or adverbs that have a different meaning from the individual words used to form them. For example, the verb shut means “to close,” and the adverb down means “not up” or “in a descending direction.” However, the phrasal verb shut down means to stop the operation of something.

ask for
put up with
talk down to
lock up
cut across

Infinitives

Not verbs by definition, infinitives look a lot like verbs because they are derived from them. An infinitive of a verb is identical to the base form of the verb. For example, the infinitive form of the verb open is open. Typically, we use infinitives with the word to in order to form infinitive phrases. Infinitive phrases can be used for a variety of reasons, such as to act like nouns, adjectives, or adverbs.

All of the following sentences use infinitive phrases. In order, the infinitive phrases are acting as a noun (nominal infinitive), an adjective (adjectival infinitive), and an adverb (adverbial infinitive).

To play guitar in a rock band is my goal.
If you are looking for the best restaurants in town, Luis is the person to ask.
The writing in the letter was too small to see.

Lesson 2 – Checking the Content

Now, go to the content provided on Step 01, specially the text, and identify the verbs and their respective types.

Then, together with your instructor, practice the usage of them. Try creating examples that are relevant to your work routine.

Your Mission

Week Six

You have to prepare two presentations and two pieces of text for Week Six.

Two Presentations

Presentation One is about the previous five weeks. You will have to write an essay about what you have learned, how that can be used in your life and work, and anything else that you may find relevant.

You are free to write this essay the way you want, whenever you want provided it is ready by Week Six. The shared writing tips may serve a guide though.;

Presentation Two is about creating a simulation of a typical work situation. Again, you are the present anything you want provided it is something that is as close to the real thing as possible. Here are some examples:

Meeting – A meeting with your team, presenting results, forecasting, strategic plans, or even issues and situations.
Training – A training session for new team members
Lecture – An internal lecture to educate other departments on what is happening at your department.

Deadline: by the end of Week Five

Two Pieces Of Text

Your mission here is to craft two pieces of text and deliver them by Week Six.

They must be as follows:

Text One is an essay about your opinions about the content used in this cycle, things that worked, things that didn’t work, things that should be there, things that shouldn’t be there, etc. You are free to choose the tone and the content.
Text Two is a memo that you are writing to your team. Here are the details:
- About important changes that is happening in your department
- Set the tone, deadlines, actions, etc